Drought is one of the major agro-meteorological disasters to restrict the improvement of grain production and quality in China. The soil moisture and mineral elements affect alternately to the growth and development of winter wheat as well as the yield and quality. The response of leaves mineral elements accumulation, yield and grain quality of winter wheat to different grades drought stress was explored at the moisture critical period, which has a certain realistic significance to scientific fertilization and drought disaster prevention. At the moisture critical period (jointing to flowerings stage), the winter wheat ‘Qimai 2’ was used as material to set the water control experiments with five gradients (T1 treatment, soil moisture at 20 cm depth was suitable (60%-80%) in the whole period, and T2, T3 and T4 treatments were supplied once with water at 80%, 50% and 25% of 75.0 mm base recharge, respectively, while T5 treatment wasn’t supplied water)， the influences of drought stress on the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium mineral elements, photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters, yield and grain quality of winter wheat were simulated and analyzed. The results show that the total nitrogen, total phosphorus, photosynthetic pigment content and the maximum net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax), apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) and light saturation point (LSP) of winter wheat leaves were all the highest under T1 treatment during the water control to rewatering. Due to drought stress, the above-mentioned indicators reduced significantly under T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments, and the heavier the drought stress, the greater the reduction was. Compared with T1 treatment, the total nitrogen, total phosphorus content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll a+b, carotenoid content, P_nmax, AQE and LSP of leaves reduced by 1.68%, 0.15%, 0.90 mg·g^-1, 1.05 mg·g^-1, 0.21 mg·g^-1, 64.6%, 65.8% and 31.2% under T5 treatment, respectively. However, the total potassium content and light compensation point (LCP) of leaves increased with the aggravation of drought stress, and those under T5 treatment were 1.20% and 84.0% higher than under T1 treatment, respectively. In addition, the drought stress decreased significantly spike grains number, forming spike rate and thousand grains weight. Compared with T1 treatment, the theoretical yield and grain protein content decreased by 56.6% and 30.1%, respectively, while the grain starch content increased by 11.6% under T5 treatment.

The experiment was conducted during the growth season of summer maize in 2018 in moisture control field of automatic control rain shelter in agriculture meteorological test station of Linyi. With ‘Zhengdan 958’ (ZD958) as test material, five-gradient water control tests were designed during the critical period of water (jointing to blooming stage). The effects of continuous drought stress on photosynthetic physiology and yield formation of summer maize in the critical period of water were simulated and studied. The results show that the leave chlorophyll a content, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and plant height, leaf area, total dry weight above ground parts of summer maize at the flowering stage decreased under continuous drought stress during the water critical period, and the heavier drought stress was, the greater reduction was. The above elements under T5 treatment were 42.6%, 75.5%, 83.2%, 65.1%, 27.5%, 18.2% and 44.9% lower than those under T1 treatment in turn. The water use efficiency of summer maize leaves increased firstly and then decreased with the intensification of drought stress, and it reached the highest under light drought stress. Under continuous drought stress, the nutrient allocation of maize leaves and sheaths increased, while the nutrient supply of stems, fruits and roots decreased, which wasn’t conducive to healthy growth of summer maize, the risk of lodging increased, and the yield formation was difficult. In addition, the continuous drought stress also caused increase of bald tip ratio and double spike rate of summer maize and significant decrease of 100-kernel weight and theoretical yield.

Based on the micro-climate suitability quantitative evaluation model built by using temperature, air relative humidity and solar radiation data in heliogreenhouse, 10 cm ground temperature was introduced, and the 10 cm ground temperature suitability model was built. The equal weight method was used to build the comprehensive micro-climate suitability quantitative evaluation model. The ten-day average micro-climate comprehensive suitability index and tomato yield data of Hanting from November 2017 to April 2018 were utilized to test the new comprehensive suitability quantitative evaluation model. The evaluation grade index was also defined, and the new model was applied. The results are as follows: (1) The correlation between 10 days average micro-climate comprehensive suitability indexes from the new model and tomato yield of 10 days was better than three elements comprehensive suitability quantitative evaluation model. (2) Suitability grades including unsuitable, suitable and more suitable were classified using best division method. (3) The percentages of appearing days of unsuitable level of air temperature, air relative humidity, solar radiation, 10 cm ground temperature and comprehensive micro-climate suitability were maximum in January.

The effects of drought stress at different levels on photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter production and yield of winter wheat at flowering stage were examined in a common garden with rainout shelter during 2016－2017 growing season taking the winter wheat variety ‘Qi Mai 2’ as the test material. The experiment was consisted of five moisture treatments including T1 (an appropriate moisture level) and T2, T3, T4, T5 (one-time replenishment in accordance with the annual precipitation decrease of 20%, 50%, 75% and 100% in the critical period of winter wheat) and one rain-fed contrast test. The results indicate that under drought stress, chlorophyll-a content, photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), plant height, leaf area and total dry weight of aerial parts of winter wheat showed a decreasing trend at flowering stage, and the more serious the drought stress, the greater the decrease. The content of chlorophyll-a, Pn, Gs and Tr, plant height, leaf area and the total dry weight above ground under T5 treatment were reduced by 33.6%, 67.4%, 90.9%, 84.6%, 43.9%, 19.1% and 33.3%, compared with those of T1 test. With intensification of drought stress, the leaf water use efficiency (WUE) of winter wheat at flowering stage first increased and then decreased, and reached the highest under light drought stress. Drought stress could promote the transfer of plant nutrients to leaves and sheaths, and reduce nutrient supply to stems and ears, which was detrimental to the increase of winter wheat yield. In addition, drought stress at flowering stage also caused decrease of filling rate and increase of sterile ear rate of winter wheat, which made the theoretical yield of winter wheat reduce.

A contrast analysis of two heavy rainstorm occurred in Liaocheng of Shandong Province in different seasons was made from synoptic situation，physical quantity field and radar echoes characteristic．The results show that the summer rainstorm usually accompanied by strong convective weather，mid－cyclone and adverse wind areas．When the heavy rainstorm occurred in autumn，the intensity of radar echoes was not very strong but lasted longer，and some physical quantity indexes related to heavy rainstorm were lower in autumn than those of in  auummer．The forecast of heavy rainstorm in autumn is difficult．